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CLVI. In this quarter are three other sorts of Tools useful for Throwers both for smooth and Engine work.

The first is termed by the name of the two pointed Grooving Tool.

The second by the name of a Grooving Tool, or the sharp pointed Grooving Tool, or triangular pointed grooving Tool.

The third by the name of a Chissel, which is a Tool that follows the Gouge, making smooth the extuberancies and irregularities lying upon the work, which the Gouge hath left; from whence some term it the Smoothing Chissel: Both the Blade, Shank and Handle, are near twice the length. of those used by Joyners for the reasons aforesaid.

CLVII. In this Square are three other Tools used by the same manuall occupation, which by Artists are term-thus

The first is called a Square Hook

The Second is termed an Hook, Now as the Gouge and Chissel is used to work that which lyeth before the workman: So this tool, and the precedent, are used to work that as stands on the right, or left side of the workman, as the flat sides of Boards, which must be turned unto, and upon.

The third is termed a Chissel, or a Flat Chissel, for it is to be noted, that the edge of all Turners Chissels are Basiled away on both sides, so that the edge lyeth in the middle of the tool. Of these flat Tools there are severall sorts, from a quarter of an Inch broad, to one two or three Inches broad, according to the largness of the Work to be done

CLVIII. In this quarter is also three other Throwers, or Turners tools. The first whereof is a Gouge, or a Grooveing Gouge, with the Blade bended.

The Second is named a Hook, but is of an other fashion then the other in numb: 157. that being in a maner round, and this not above a quarter round, with the tip end a small thing bent.

The third hath the Denomination of a Throwers Round Gouge, or Groove Gouge.

All these sorts of Chissels, Gouges, Hooks, &c. used by Throers or Turners. I have caused to be engraven here, more to shew their fashion, then any use I have observed or seen them in Honorable Arms; therefore cannot say much for them, either pro or con.

CLIX. This Instrument is used by some Turners, and called a Drill-Bench, being only a board about two Inches thick, with two Stiles placed upright upon it, in the hither-most Stile is a Collar, and in the further Stile is a peece of Steele with a Center hole in the middle of it. Between is a Rowler which hath a Steele pin, and a Piercer-bit fastned therein. When it is used it is made fast in the Cheeks of the Lathe with a wedge as the Puppets are. This Drill is for the turning or boreing of an hole in wood of what length they please.

The Drill board.

• The Stiles, or Standing peeces.
• The Coller, is the hole in the hither-most Stile.
• The Square flat Steele, with it center hole in.
• The Rowler, with its Axis.
• The Steele pin. and Piercer bit at the end.
• The Iron Coller, at the bottom of the Board.
• The Wedge, to fasten it to the Lathe Cheeks.

— From Randle Holme’s “The Academy of Armory, or, A Storehouse of Armory and Blazon” Book III, Chapter VIII, Plate 2. Why am I reading this?

CLIV. In this square are five sorts of Turners Tools, useful in their way of Turning either of soft or hard work, round or hollow, whose names are Gouges in general, but more particular.

The first is termed a Grooving Hook, or a single pointed Grooving Hook, or the Point Grooving Hook; this cuts on the side or flat of a Board a fine hollow circle or swage; these Hooks or Tools have their Teeth of different forms according to the fashion of the groove to be made on the plain of a Board; for sometimes their Teeth are flat edged, sometimes round edged, sometimes a point only, and sometimes two points, or of other forms; all which sorts of Blades are made much stronger than the Gouge or Chissel, and have the sides of their edges more obtuse to make it the stronger; also they are 10 or 12 inches long without the Handle.

The second is called a Gouge; now Gouges do the Office in Turning (as a Fore-Plain in Joynery, and the Jack-Plain in Carpentry) they serve only to take off the Irregularities the Hatchet, or sometimes the Draw Knife leaves after the work is Hewed or drawn pretty near the round; and that it may commodiously do it, the Blade is formed about half round in the edge, and the two extream ends is a little sloped off: They are in their Blades of a long Size, with long Handles (as all other Turning Tools are so long, that the Handles may reach (when they use them) under the Arm-pit of the Workman) that he may have more stay, and steadily manage them. The Blade of the Gouge is of several Sizes both for length and breadth, some as long as the Shank, others shorter, even from an inch to 3, 4, or 5 inches in the length; and from a quarter of an inch to a whole Inch; and sometimes for very large work two inches over: Most Gouges have in them these several parts, as in other Joyners Chissels and Gouges.

• The Basil, is that part as is ground to an edge.
• The Blade, the roundish part above the Basil.
• The Shank, the long Iron Stail.
• The Shoulder, that as the Haft rest upon.
• The Tang, that part as goes into the Haft.
• The Haft, the Wooden handle.
• The Hoop or Brass about the bottom of the Haft.

The third is named a Grooving Hook or Tool; or the Triangular (or three Tooth) Grooving Hook.

The fourth is termed a round edge Grooving Hook.

The fifth is called the three pointed grooving Tool.

→ All these Tools when born in Arms are to have the edge or Basil, or working part erected, because they are so in their proper place; if otherwise, then to be mentioned, either reversed, dejected, &c.

— From Randle Holme’s “The Academy of Armory, or, A Storehouse of Armory and Blazon” Book III, Chapter VIII, Plate 2. Why am I reading this?