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CLII. There are several sorts of fashioned Collars, of which these two in this quarter are apart. The first on the dexter side is termed a Round Collar, so called from the roundness of the head of it, it is to be fastned in a Lathe by a Wedge as the Puppets are under the Cheeks; Hollow Mandrels are often turned in the Collars of this form, but then the Spindle is made of Iron, and hath a Screw just at its end, upon which is screwed a Block with a hollow in it, made fit to receive the Stuff to be worked upon.

The second in this quarter hath the simple name of a Collar, without any other Addition, except you call it a Turners Collar, to distinguish it from other things termed Collars. It is also made fast in a Lathe by a Wedge, as the former is to be.

CLIII. This is termed by Turners, a Joynt Collar which is made of two Iron Cheeks, which move upon a Joynt with a Button, so that they may be set close or open, like a Joynt rule; on the inner edge of each Cheek is formed as many semi-circles or half round holes as the length of the Cheeks will conveniently bear, they are made of different Diameters that they may fit the necks or shanks of different sized Mandrels. Near to the top of one of these Cheeks is fastned with a center pin, a square Iron Collar with a small handle or button to it, which is to put it on and take it off the Cheeks when they are to be opened. This holds them so fast together that they cannot start asunder, and yet is made so fit that it may easily slip off and on. In this Instrument there are these parts.

• The Cheeks,
• The Joynt at the bottom.
• The Semi-circles in the Cheeks.
• The Diameters, circumferences or round holes in which the Cheeks are closed.
• The square Collar that holds the Cheeks together.
• The Handle, by which the said Collar is taken off or put on.
• The Center pin, on which the square Collar turns.

— From Randle Holme’s “The Academy of Armory, or, A Storehouse of Armory and Blazon” Book III, Chapter VIII, Plate 2. Why am I reading this?

CLI. In the chief is another sort of Mandrel called a Pin Mandrell. This is made with a long Wooden shank, to fit stiff into a round hole that is made in the Work that is to be Turned. These are also termed Shank Mandrels; which Mandrels with Iron Shanks are much used by Turners that turn Bobbins and such like Work; because a Wooden shank to fit the small hole through the work, would not be strong enough to carry the work about.

There is another Mandrell called an Hollow Mandrel, it is both hollow, and used to turn hollow things in it: It hath but one center hole belonging to it, which is at the Rowler end or Neck, but it hath a shank that supplies the office of another Center hole, which is put into one of the holes of the Joint Collar, described in numb. 153.

The second Instrument in this quarter is termed a Sweepe, or a Mathematical instrument called a Sweep.

It is a long Bar of Iron, and is termed the Beam of the Sweep, which hath in the center point of it (in a Center hole, made in a square Stud of Metal) a center fixed; also a Socket to ride on the Beam, which is removed at pleasure, nearer or farther from the Center; to this is Filed a Tooth of Steel with such roundings and hollows in the bottom of it, as is intended there shall be hollows or rounding in the work; then removing the Socket till it Tooth stand upon the intended place, on the Verge of the work, is there screwed fast on the Beam, it is prepared for the work, which if the Workman hold the head of the Center in his left hand, and with his right draw about the Beam and Tooth, it will cut and tear away great Flakes of Metal, till the thing worked upon hath received the whole form of Mouldings the Tooth will make.

The same Instrument with a Moulding Plain fixed on it, will do the same work on Wood, making round Mouldings.

— From Randle Holme’s “The Academy of Armory, or, A Storehouse of Armory and Blazon” Book III, Chapter VIII, Plate 2. Why am I reading this?